Discovering Cusco: The Heart of the Inca Empire
Cusco, often referred to as the "Historical Capital of Peru," is a city that seamlessly blends ancient traditions with vibrant modern life. Nestled in the Andes Mountains at an altitude of 3,400 meters (11,200 feet), Cusco was once the capital of the Inca Empire and remains a treasure trove of archaeological wonders and cultural heritage. The city's rich history is reflected in its stunning colonial architecture, built on top of meticulously crafted Inca foundations, creating a unique fusion of two distinct eras.
Wandering through the narrow, cobblestone streets of Cusco, visitors encounter a plethora of historical sites, including the majestic Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun), the impressive Sacsayhuamán fortress, and the bustling Plaza de Armas. The city's vibrant markets, such as San Pedro Market, offer a glimpse into local life and an opportunity to experience traditional Andean crafts and cuisine. Cusco also serves as the gateway to the Sacred Valley and the iconic Machu Picchu, making it an essential stop for travelers seeking to explore Peru's ancient and contemporary culture.
The city is alive with festivals and celebrations year-round, the most notable being Inti Raymi, the Festival of the Sun, which honors the Incan sun god and showcases traditional music, dance, and ceremonies. Whether you're exploring its archaeological sites, engaging with its rich cultural traditions, or simply enjoying the breathtaking mountain scenery, Cusco offers an unforgettable experience that captures the spirit and resilience of its people.
Getting to Cusco: The Gateway to Machu Picchu
By Air
The most convenient way to reach Cusco is by air, with Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ) serving as the main gateway. The airport is located just a few kilometers from the city center and offers daily flights from Lima, Peru's capital, as well as other major cities such as Arequipa, Puerto Maldonado, and Juliaca. Major airlines like LATAM, Avianca, and Sky Airline operate frequent flights, making it easy to find a suitable option.
International Flights: While most international travelers fly into Lima and then connect to Cusco, some seasonal and charter flights may also be available from neighboring countries. It is recommended to book flights well in advance, especially during the peak tourist season from June to August.
By Bus
For those looking to experience the Peruvian landscape, traveling by bus is an option, though it is more time-consuming. Buses from Lima to Cusco typically take about 21 to 24 hours, traversing diverse terrains from coastal plains to high mountain passes. Reputable companies like Cruz del Sur and Oltursa offer comfortable long-distance buses equipped with reclining seats, onboard meals, and entertainment systems.
From Nearby Cities: Buses from Arequipa, Puno, and other regional hubs are more manageable in terms of travel time, often taking between 8 to 10 hours. These routes also provide an opportunity to see more of Peru's varied geography.
By Train
Traveling by train to Cusco is a scenic but less common option. PeruRail operates a luxury service, the Belmond Andean Explorer, which connects Cusco with Puno and Arequipa. This journey offers breathtaking views of the Andean landscape and a unique travel experience, though it is considerably more expensive than other modes of transport.
By Car
Driving to Cusco is possible, but it is recommended only for those with experience navigating Peru’s mountainous and sometimes challenging road conditions. Rental cars are available in major cities, and the drive from Lima to Cusco, although scenic, can take several days with stops for rest and sightseeing.
Cusco, often considered the gateway to the Inca Empire, is a city of extraordinary historical and cultural significance. Located at an altitude of 3,400 meters (11,200 feet) in the Andes Mountains, Cusco is a living museum of Incan and Spanish colonial architecture. Once the capital of the Inca Empire, Cusco’s legacy is visible in the majestic ruins and sophisticated stonework that dot the city. The Qorikancha, or Temple of the Sun, originally built by the Incas and later converted into the Church of Santo Domingo by the Spanish, showcases the impressive masonry skills of the Inca civilization. Another prominent site is Sacsayhuamán, a fortress with massive stone walls that offers panoramic views of the city below. The Plaza de Armas, the main square, is surrounded by beautiful colonial buildings and churches, reflecting the blend of Incan and Spanish cultures.
​Today, Cusco thrives as a vibrant hub for tourists from around the world. Its lively markets, such as the San Pedro Market, provide a sensory feast of local products, traditional crafts, and Andean cuisine. Visitors can enjoy a variety of experiences, from exploring ancient archaeological sites and enjoying traditional Peruvian dishes to participating in local festivals. One of the most notable events is Inti Raymi, the Festival of the Sun, held annually in June to celebrate the winter solstice and honor the Incan sun god Inti. The best time to visit Cusco is during the dry season, from May to September, when the weather is clear and ideal for exploring the city's historic sites and surrounding landscapes. However, visitors should allow time to acclimate to the high altitude to fully enjoy their stay​
Hotel recommendation
Low Budget:
Okidoki Cusco Hostal
Description: Okidoki Cusco Hostal is an excellent choice for budget travelers looking for a cozy and comfortable place to rest. This hostel offers a calm and familiar atmosphere where travelers from different parts of the world can meet and relax.
Facilities: Free breakfast, comfortable beds, and a welcoming atmosphere provided by the kind and helpful owner. Price: Prices start at approximately $20 per night on
Middle Class:
Antigua Casona San Blas
Description: Located in the picturesque San Blas neighborhood, Antigua Casona San Blas offers a blend of modern amenities and traditional charm. The hotel features beautifully decorated rooms and a central courtyard where guests can relax. Facilities: In-room WiFi, radiant heating, flat-screen TV, unlimited hot water, private bathrooms, and an in-house bar.
Price: Prices start at approximately $100 per night